- Public speaking is audience centered. (2)
- The public speaking effectiveness process model (3)
- Public speaking skills empower. (6-7)
- Public speaking challenges us to behave ethically. (8-9) (Discuss p.9,29)
- Competence is learned. (10)
- Nervousness is normal, can be even helpful. (14-17) Manage it. (18-20)
An Effective Speech Plan:Six Action Steps (21-26)
- Yes, I do have a message! And I want to share. (finding a topic and setting a specific goal) (44,58-60)
- Understand the audience and plan to adapt (49,54)
- Gather & evaluate information (Chap.6)
- Organize & develop ideas into a well-structured outline (Chaps.7、8)
- Design appropriate aids (Chap. 9)
- PRACTICE the speech wording & delivery! (Chap. 10, 11)
Effective Listening
- Definition (33)
- Why is effective listening important?
- Attending, understanding & retaining, Critically analyzing (34-37)
- Case discussion (37)
- Effective Listening behavior (38)
- Evaluating Speech Effectiveness (38-40)
From a Topic to Specific Goal : the narrowing down process
- Subject vs. topic (44-45)
- Know your audience: demographic, knowledge level, interest, attitude
- Know the speech setting: expectation, location, and occasion
- Speech goal: from general to specific.
- Must be crafted carefully as it is the foundation of organizing the speech. (59)
Writing a Specific Goal Statement
- A complete sentence. (59)
- Revise the sentence until it specifies the desired responses.
- Contains only one idea. Describes the precise focus of the speech.
Example:
- I want my audience to understand the effects of illiteracy.
- ~ to believe that illiteracy is a major problem.
- ~ to understand the nature of illiteracy and its effects on the individual and society.
- ~ to understand the three ways illiteracy hinders a person’s effectiveness in the workplace.
- Discuss 4.4 (60)
Speech Organization
- Helps attending, understanding & retaining, Critical analysis.
- Has an opening, the body and a conclusion.
- Effective transition
- Has an Opening (introduction), a body and a conclusion.
- Listing sources(144-7)
Introduction, Conclusion & Transition
- Introduction :1) Win audience attention 2) Set the tone, 3) Lead into Content, 4) Establish speaker credibility, 5) Create goodwill. (133-40)
- Types of introduction
- Conclusion (141-6) to review what has been said and to hit home with your point.
- Types of conclusion
- The Body: 2 or 3 main points with supporting details
- Transition (127-8)
Thesis Statement
- Comes after setting goal, gathering information, identifying main points (112-5).
- Is a complete sentence that combines the goal and the main points of the speech.
- Used as a transition into the body of speech.
- Examples (116) and exercises (117~8)
The Speech Outline
- Speech title (147)
- Specific speech goal
- Write the introduction and conclusion
- Thesis statement
- Topic sentence and supports for each main points (124-6) (Action step 4).
- Wording for transitions (127)
- Example(150-1)
- Reflect on Ethics (129)
Practice Delivery
- Prepare well in advance so you have time to practice.
- Four types of delivery: memorized, scripted, extemporaneous, impromptu (200-1)
- Elements of delivery: Voice, articulation, bodily action, (191-6)
- Conversational Style (196-200)
- Rehearsal! (201-6) Practice aloud. Use Notes (not your script on large paper!)
- Reflect on ethics (209)
A Narrative/Personal Experience Speech
- A presentation of your experience and the significance you attach to it.
- Is often emotional.
- Has a climax to which the details build up.
- Is developed with supporting details so the point has a maximum effect.
- The effect is enhanced by using dialogue.Uses clear & vivid language to tell the story.
Introduction of Yourself
- Narrow down the subject: interest, insight, and understanding of you as an individual
- As if you were telling a story to friends
- Create and memorize your opening & closing
- Make a point, say it again in different words, illustrate the point, state it once more.
- Can use note cards if necessary.
- Speak, don’t read!
Speech Plan (for this class)
- Plan for audience adaptation (84)
- The complete speech outline
- Source citation, when appropriate.
- Submit to class blog on or before the day of your speech
- Always include your name, ID number and your section
Table Topics
- “Think and Speak” on your feet
- You have little time to prepare for it—Or, Your entire life is a preparation for the moment.
- Impromptu speech
- Focus on the audience!
- Apply Creative & Critical thinking
- Have a Structure: Opening, body, conclusion
- Read widely, learn about current events, and always try to generate a response.
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